Plants Found in Savannas: A Quick Guide
If you’re curious about what grows in a savanna, you’re in the right place. Savannas are unique ecosystems, characterized by vast grasslands with scattered trees. These areas are found in various parts of the world, including Africa, South America, India, Australia, and Madagascar. Plants in the savanna have adapted to hot, dry conditions, and in this article, we’ll explore some of the most common species you’ll find in these fascinating landscapes.
1. Acacias
Acacias are a large group of shrubs and trees that thrive in savannas. Two species you’ll often find are Vachellia tortilis (Umbrella Thorn Acacia) and Acacia senegal (Gum Acacia).
- Vachellia tortilis is a tree that can grow up to 65 feet tall, with an umbrella-like canopy. It’s well-adapted to harsh conditions like drought and rocky soils. Its leaves are tiny and feather-like, and it has both straight and hooked thorns for defense.
- Acacia senegal is smaller, typically reaching about 39 feet in height. This tree has a rounded canopy with small, green leaves and thorns. It’s known for producing gum arabic, which is used in many products.
2. Thatching Grass (Hyparrhenia)
Thatching grasses are tall grasses commonly found in tropical Africa. They grow in dense tufts and have long, green leaves. These grasses are known for their utility in thatching roofs and are also commonly found in pastures for grazing. The plants produce spikelets that branch into twin spikes.
3. Jackalberry (Diospyros Mespiliformis)
Jackalberry is a large, evergreen tree found in the African savanna. It can grow up to 82 feet tall in optimal conditions, though it usually stays around 26 feet. It has dark green leaves and produces pale yellow flowers, with female trees bearing edible fruits that are eaten by wildlife.
4. River Bushwillow (Combretum Erythrophyllum)
River Bushwillow is a tree that typically grows near rivers in African savannas. It can grow up to 39 feet tall and is resistant to drought and frost. It has pale green or dark green leaves and produces pale yellow flowers. The fruits are inedible, four-winged, and yellow to brown.
5. Digitgrass (Digitaria Eriantha)
Digitgrass, also known as Pangola-grass, is a fast-growing perennial grass native to Africa. It can grow up to 5 feet tall and forms dense clumps. Its leaves are long and thin, and the plant is often used for hay or pasture.
6. Sicklebush (Dichrostachys Cinerea)
Sicklebush is a small tree native to Africa and Asia. It is fast-growing and has green, bipinnately compound leaves. It produces striking flowers that are pale violet at the top and yellow at the bottom. The twisted pods from the plant are eaten by animals.
7. African Baobab (Adansonia Digitata)
The African Baobab is an iconic tree of the savanna, known for its massive, thick trunk. These trees can grow up to 82 feet tall and live for thousands of years. They have compound leaves, which are shed during the dry season. The large white flowers of the baobab produce round, woody fruits with a fleshy pulp inside.
8. Candelabra Tree (Euphorbia Ingens)
The Candelabra Tree is a succulent native to southern Africa. It has segmented branches that form a rounded crown. This tree grows well in dry, hot environments like savannas and can reach up to 39 feet tall. The plant produces small greenish-yellow flowers at the top of its stems.
9. Rhodes Grass (Chloris Gayana)
Rhodes Grass is a tall, perennial grass found in savannas. It can grow up to 10 feet tall and is often used as grazing for livestock or to prevent soil erosion. Its smooth, shiny stems and elongated leaves make it easy to spot in the wild.
10. Wild Cashew Tree (Curatella Americana)
The Wild Cashew Tree, also known as the sandpaper tree, is a small tree native to the tropical Americas. It typically doesn’t grow more than 33 feet tall and has rough, dark green leaves. The tree produces edible fruits and seeds, and it is often seen in dry savannas and forests.
Final Thoughts
The plants that grow in savannas are uniquely adapted to dry, hot conditions, and they play a crucial role in these ecosystems. Whether it’s the tall grasses, sprawling trees, or resilient shrubs, each plant species has developed traits that help it thrive in these challenging environments. Keep an eye out for these fascinating plants the next time you’re exploring a savanna or similar ecosystem!
✅ Conclusion
Savannas host a wide variety of hardy, resilient plants—ranging from towering baobabs and spiny acacias to nutrient-rich grasses. Each species is perfectly adapted to survive the heat, fire, grazing, and seasonal droughts typical of this biome.
These plants not only define the savanna’s scenery but also support its rich wildlife, regulate the environment, and even sustain human communities through food, medicine, and construction materials.
So next time you picture a savanna, think beyond grass—it’s a botanical battlefield of survivors!